代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering

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  • 代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
    UNSW
    Tommy Wiedmann
    (t.wiedmann@unsw.edu.au)
    Acknowledgement: Some slides are based on previous material by Kristen Splinter, Stephen Moore and Hazel Rowley.
    ENGG1000: Engineering Design and Innovation
    Associate Professor Tommy Wiedmann
    Week 5 – Sustainability Lecture 2
    Environmental Impact Assessment
    What are
    Environmental Impacts?
    Definition of “ENVIRONMENT”
    “includes all aspects of the surroundings of humans,
    whether effecting any human as an individual or in
    his or her social groupings”
    NSW Environmental Planning & Assessment Act 1979 (EPAA)
    Examples of Environmental Impacts
    • Pollution / contamination (of soil, water and air)
    • Resource use (minerals, non-renewable and
    renewable materials, land use)
    • Energy consumption (fuels and electricity)
    • Global warming (climate change)
    • Biodiversity loss (plants and animals)
    • Ecotoxicity (also: human toxicity)
    • Noise, odours and other nuisances (also: accidents)
    • Visual impact
    Source: http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?page_id=43
    Impact Categories in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
    "Impact
    categories shall
    reflect a
    comprehensive
    set of
    environmental
    issues related
    to the system
    being studied,
    taking the goal
    and scope into
    consideration."
    Why assessing
    environmental impacts?
    To avoid them!
    http://youtu.be/L74O4VfydPM
    Environmental Law
    and Regulation in NSW
    NSW Legislation related to the Environment
    Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act)
    Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EP&A Regulation)
    Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPAA)
    Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EPAR)
    Principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development
    Development Assessment (NSW)
    http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/en/Assess-and-Regulate/Development-Assessment
    What triggers an EIA process in NSW?
    http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Assess-and-Regulate/Development-Assessment/Systems
    http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au
    Major Projects in NSW
    CBD and South East Light Rail Project
    http://www.majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/index.pl?action=view_job&job_id=6042
    Galilee Coal Project
    http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/assessments-and-approvals/south-galilee-coal-project.html
    http://www.southgalilee.com.au
    Coal Terminal Expansions at Abbot Point and Hay Point
    http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/assessments-and-approvals/
    abbot-point-coal-terminal-expansion-stage-3.html
    http://www.abc.net.au/environment/articles/2013/12/11/3909685.htm
    http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2014/s4056716.htm
    Austen Quarry Expansion near Lithgow
    http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/index.pl?action=view_job&job_id=6084
    Recent examples of Major Developments
    in Australia

    代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering
    Assessing
    Environmental Impacts
    Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
    A general term which refers to the process of assessing the
    potential impacts of a proposed development or activity.
    Most development applications must be accompanied by
    some form of EIA (as part of an EIS)
    – EIA enables the decision maker to understand the likely
    impacts of the proposal before deciding whether to grant
    consent or not.
    – The assessment process also encourages the applicant
    and the decision maker to consider what measures can be
    adopted to minimise the impact of a proposal.
    An environmental impact statement (EIS) is a document
    legally required for certain actions "significantly affecting
    the quality of the human environment".
    An EIS is a tool for decision making.
    It describes the positive and negative environmental
    effects of a proposed action, and it usually also lists one
    or more alternative actions that may be chosen instead
    of the action described in the EIS.
    Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
    The Basics: EIA and EIS
    EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
    • “process” included in the planning of a project
    EIS = Environmental Impact Statement
    • A “report” that may or may not be legally required in the EIA
    for a particular project; a “tool” of EIA
    All EIS for NSW on 'Major Projects' website
    http://www.majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au
    Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000
    Content of Environmental Impact Statements I
    Content of Environmental Impact Statements II
    Identification of Impacts
    • Director of Planning advice and Authority consultation
    • Standard checklists & EIS guidelines
    – See examples on Moodle,
    e.g.: EIS_Guideline_Sewerage_DUAP_1996.pdf
    • Previous EISs
    – similar projects
    – same geographic area
    • Study team brainstorming
    • Interaction matrix (Leopold matrix)
    • Community consultation
    • Table with 100 project actions and 88
    environmental characteristics (Leopold et al 1971)
    • Allows to link
    environmental
    impacts to
    activities
    The Leopold Matrix
    https://vimeo.com/131393172
    Horizontal
    Axis:
    Project
    Actions
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    Project
    Actions
    continued
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    Project
    Actions
    continued
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    Vertical
    Axis:
    Environm.
    Factors
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    Environm.
    Factors
    continued
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    Environm.
    Factors
    continued
    • Horizontal – development actions
    • Vertical – environmental factors
    • Place slash (/) where significant
    interaction is expected
    • Not all the actions and factors
    apply to every project proposal;
    in some cases, other actions and
    factors not considered in the table
    may be warranted
    • Estimate magnitude and
    importance of impact
    (where 1 is least and 10 is
    greatest)
    • The typical number of interactions
    is between 25 and 50.
    magnitude
    importance
    Filling in a Leopold Matrix
    http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
    Reading:
    Dandy &
    Warner -
    Environmental
    and Social
    Consideration
    of Engineering
    Systems.pdf
    Example of a Leopold Matrix
    • subjectivity
    (no independent/objective assessment scale)
    • changes over time not considered
    • some double counting may occur
    • discrete 2-way interactions only
    > more complex interactions and feedback ignored
    • no cumulative impacts considered
    Disadvantages of the Leopold Matrix
    EIA: Making Judgements
    YOU as the consultant, engineer or environmental
    decision-makers will need to make judgementsand
    assessments of the environmental impacts.
    Ø Needs to be explicit and transparent
    Ø May be descriptive, but should try to be quantitative
    Ø Alternatives and mitigating factors should be
    considered
    Summary – Criticisms of EIA / EIS
    § in some cases a (political) decisions may already have
    been made > then EIS is more a formality or justification
    for project
    § some detrimental projects may bypass the EIA/EIS
    process (if not deemed “significant”)
    § little attention to cumulative effects and synergistic effects
    § time frame limited (how scientific and rigorous can the
    assessment be?)
    § limited capacity of decision makers to review all details of
    an EIS
    § commissioned by the proponent (i.e. not independent),
    exploitation of legal loop holes
    Textbook on EIA
    6 th edition from 2014 is latest edition
    ENGG1000 Sustainability Assignment
    on Moodle
    Beware! An assignment that includes plagiarised material will
    receive a 0% Fail, and students who plagiarise may fail the
    course. Students who plagiarise are also liable to disciplinary
    action, including exclusion from enrolment.
    Plagiarism is the use of another person’s work or ideas as if they
    were your own. When it is necessary or desirable to use other
    people’s material you should adequately acknowledge whose
    words or ideas they are and where you found them (giving the
    complete reference details, including page number(s)). The
    Learning Centre provides further information on what constitutes
    Plagiarism at:
    https://student.unsw.edu.au/plagiarism
    PLAGIARISM
    The purpose of this is to enable you to be informed
    by your demonstrators of your performance in the
    report you will receive back that day.
    While it may not seem important to you, it actually is,
    as it will give you guidance when you work with later
    assignments.
    Feedback session – Week 11
    Workshop Rooms

    代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering