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CHI255
Human Anatomy II
Unit Information and Learning Guide
Semester One, 2016
This information should be read in conjunction with the online learning materials
which can be found on your MyUnits page.
Unit Coordinator
Dr Amanda Meyer
School of Health Professions
ECL 2.056
90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150
Phone: + 61 8 9360 2150
Email: A.Meyer@murdoch.edu.au
© Published by Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, February 2016.
This publication is copyright. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act no part of it may in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or any other means be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be broadcast or transmitted without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
Murdoch University 2
Contents
Unit information
Information about the unit 3
Contact details 10
How to study this unit 11
Resources for the unit 13
Study schedule 18
Assessment 19
Learning guide
Introduction 23
Topic 1 HEAD & NECK 24
Topic 2 THORAX 25
Topic 3 ABDOMEN 26
Topic 4 PELVIS & PERINEUM 27
Assumed Knowledge from CHI108 28
Murdoch University 3
Information about the unit
Welcome to:
CHI255
Human Anatomy II
Unit description
This unit has a regional clinically-oriented approach to gross human anatomy. The regions
covered in this unit are the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum. Emphasis
is placed on the viscera, autonomic innervation, referred pain and the anatomical basis of
common pathologies. Practical classes consist of cadaveric (prosection) laboratories, living
(surface) anatomy and radiographic anatomy.
Prerequisites
BMS101 Introduction to the Human Body
Exclusions
CHI280 Human Anatomy I
Aims of the unit
The broad aims of this unit are to:
1. To deepen your knowledge of the normal anatomy of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen,
pelvis, and perineum.
2. To familiarise you with cross-sectional anatomy.
3. To provide you with opportunities to explore the normal anatomy of prosected human
cadavers and living patients.
4. To introduce you to the principles of radiographic anatomy.
5. To encourage you to use your anatomical knowledge to identify normal structures on
clinical images.
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Learning outcomes for the unit
A consensus was reached at the Australian and New Zealand Association of Clinical
Anatomists in December 2015 that a core anatomy syllabus for allied health professional
should be based upon the following articles:
Smith CF, Finn GM, Stewart J, Atkinson MA, Davies DC, Dyball R, Morris J, Ockleford C,
Parkin I, Standring S, Whiten S, Wilton J, McHanwell S. (2015) The Anatomical Society core
regional anatomy syllabus for undergraduate medicine. J Anat. 2015 Nov 27. doi:
10.1111/joa.12405
Moxham B, McHanwell S, Plaisant O, Pais D. (2015) A core syllabus for the teaching of
neuroanatomy to medical students. Clin Anat. 2015 Sep;28(6):706-16. doi:
10.1002/ca.22577.
On successful completion of the unit you should be able to:
Topic 1: HEAD AND NECK
1. Identify the major foramina of the skull, both internally and externally, and list the
structure(s) that each transmits.
2. Describe the main muscles of the face and summarize their nerve supply and the
consequences of injury to their nerve supply.
3. Describe the anatomy of the eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland. Explain their
importance for the maintenance of corneal integrity.
4. Describe the actions and nerve supply of the intrinsic and extraocular muscles.
Explain the consequences of injury to their nerve supply.
5. Describe the anatomy of the following reflexes: direct and consensual light reflexes;
accommodation reflex; corneal reflex.
6. Describe the bones of the nasal cavity, in particular the major features of the lateral
wall of the nasal cavity. Describe the arteries that supply the lateral wall and nasal
septum in relation to epistaxis.
7. Name the paranasal sinuses. Describe their relationship to the nasal cavity and their
sites of drainage through its lateral wall. Explain their innervation in relation to
referred pain.
8. Describe the intracranial and intrapetrous course of the facial nerve and the
relationships of its major branches to the middle ear in relation to damage of the
nerve within the facial canal.
9. Describe the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Explain the movements that
occur during mastication and describe the muscles involved and their innervation.
10. Describe the course and major branches of the maxillary artery, including the course
and intracranial relations of the middle meningeal artery and its significance in
extradural haemorrhage.
11. Describe the anatomy of the sensory and motor components of the trigeminal nerve,
including how their integrity is tested clinically.
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12. Describe the functional anatomy of the auricle, external acoustic meatus, tympanic
membrane, auditory ossicles and the pharyngotympanic tube.
13. Describe the anatomy of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
and their autonomic secretor motor innervation.
14. Describe the boundaries and major features of the oral cavity and summaries its
sensory innervation.
15. Describe the anatomy of the tongue, including its motor and sensory innervation and
the role of its extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. Explain the deviation of the tongue on
protrusion following hypoglossal nerve injury.
16. Describe the anatomy, function and innervation of the muscles of the pharynx and
soft palate.
17. Describe the components of the gag reflex and how they are tested.
18. Demonstrate the boundaries of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
defined by the sternum, clavicle, mandible, mastoid process, trapezius,
sternocleidomastoid and the midline.
19. In the posterior triangle, demonstrate the position of the spinal accessory nerve, the
roots and trunks of the brachial plexus, the phrenic nerve, the external jugular vein
and subclavian vessels.
20. In the anterior triangle, demonstrate the position of the common, internal and external
carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve, the hyoid bone, the
trachea, thyroid cartilage, larynx, thyroid and parathyroid glands.
21. Demonstrate the origin, course and functions of the motor and sensory nerve supply
to the larynx and the functional consequences of their injury.
22. Describe the position and anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the
significance of the courses of the laryngeal nerves.
23. Demonstrate the origin, course and major branches of the common, internal and
external carotid arteries and locate the carotid pulse.
24. Describe the courses of the accessory, vagus and phrenic nerves in the neck.
25. Describe the anatomy of the motor and sensory nerves to the head and neck and
apply this knowledge to a neurological assessment of the cranial and upper cervical
spinal nerves.
26. Describe the sympathetic innervation of the head and neck including the features and
main causes of Horner’s Syndrome.
27. Describe the anatomy of the major groups of lymph nodes in the head and neck.
28. Utilize standard diagnostic images, e.g. CT, MRI, x-ray to identify the normal anatomy
of the head and neck.
Topic 2: THORAX
1. Demonstrate the main anatomical features and surface landmarks of the thoracic
vertebrae, ribs and sternum.
2. Describe the anatomy of the joints between the ribs, vertebrae, costal cartilage and
sternum. Explain their contribution to the movements of ventilation.
3. Describe the anatomy of the intercostal muscles. Describe a neurovascular bundle in
a typical intercostal space and outline the structures its components supply.
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4. Describe the attachments and relations of the diaphragm and the structures that pass
through and behind it. Explain the movements of the diaphragm, its motor and
sensory innervation and pleural and peritoneal coverings.
5. Describe the boundaries of the thoracic inlet and outlet and the structures that pass
through them and their relations.
6. Describe the arrangement and contents of the superior, anterior, middle and posterior
parts of the mediastinum.
7. Summarize the anatomy of the bronchial tree and bronchopulmonary segments and
explain their functional and clinical significance.
8. Describe the blood supply, innervation and venous and lymphatic drainage of the
lungs. Describe the structures in the hilum of the lung and their relationships to each
other and to the mediastinum.
9. Demonstrate the surface markings of the pleura and the lobes and fissures of the
lungs and explain their clinical relevance.
10. Demonstrate the arrangement of the fibrous and serous layers of the pericardium and
relate it to conditions such as cardiac tamponade and pericarditis.
11. Describe the origin, course and main branches of the left and right coronary arteries
and discuss the functional consequences of their obstruction in conditions such as
ischaemic heart disease.
12. Identify the major anatomical features of each chamber and explain their functional
significance.
13. Describe the structures and position of the atrioventricular, pulmonary and aortic
valves and describe their function in the prevention of reflux of blood during the
cardiac cycle.
14. Demonstrate the surface markings of the heart and the position and site of
auscultation of its four major valves.
15. Describe the course of the ascending aorta, arch of aorta, descending thoracic aorta.
Names their major branches and the structures they supply.
16. Describe the origins, courses and relationships of the brachiocephalic veins, inferior
and superior vena cavae and the azygos venous system.
17. Describe the origin, course and distribution of the vagus and phrenic nerves.
18. Describe the distribution and function of the sympathetic chains and thoracic
splanchnic nerves. Explain the mechanism of referred pain from T1-5 sympathetic
afferents to the chest wall and relate it to the thoracic viscera.
19. Describe the course, major relations and neurovascular supply of the oesophagus
within the thorax.
20. Describe the course and major relations of the thoracic duct. Explain the lymph
drainage within the thorax and its clinical significance.
21. Describe the anatomy of the breast including tis neurovascular supply. Explain the
lymphatic drainage of the breast and its clinical significance to metastatic spread.
22. Identify major thoracic structures on standard diagnostic images. e.g. CT and X-ray.
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Topic 3: ABDOMEN
1. Demonstrate the surface projections of the abdominal organs onto the four quadrants
and nine descriptive regions of the abdomen.
2. Describe the anatomy, innervation and functions of the muscles of the anterior, lateral
and posterior abdominal walls. Discuss the functional relationships with the thoracic
and pelvic diaphragms and their roles in posture, ventilation and voiding of
abdominal/pelvic/thoracic contents.
3. Describe the relationship between the femoral canal and the inguinal ligament and
the anatomy of hernias.
4. Demonstrate the surface projections of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen,
kidneys, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix,
ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon.
5. Describe the organization and clinical significance of the parietal and visceral
peritoneum, the greater and lesser sacs, mesenteries and peritoneal ‘ ligaments’.
Explain the significance of the attachments of the ascending and descending colon to
the posterior abdominal wall.
6. Describe the functional anatomy of the small and large bowel mesenteries; their
structure, location and their vascular, lymphatic and neural contents.
7. Explain the nerve supply of the parietal and visceral peritoneum and the role of the
visceral peritoneum in referred pain.
8. Describe the position and functional anatomy of the stomach, its position, parts,
sphincters, vascular, lymphatic and nerve supply and key relations to other abdominal
organs.
9. Describe the duodenum, its parts, position, secondary retroperitoneal attachment;
vascular, lymphatic and nerve supply and key relations to other abdominal organs.
10. Describe the regions and positions of the small and large intestine and their vascular,
lymphatic and nerve supply. Describe the anatomical variations in the position of the
appendix and explain their significance in relation to appendicitis.
11. Describe the position and functional anatomy of the liver, its lobes, segments and
their key anatomical relations. Explain the peritoneal reflections of the liver and its
movement during ventilation. Summarise the functional anatomy of the portal vein,
the portal venous system, porto-systemic anastomoses and their significance in portal
hypertension.
12. Describe the position, functional anatomy and vasculature of the gall bladder and
biliary tree; explain their relations in the abdomen and the clinical significance of
inflammation of the biliary system and biliary (gall) stones.
13. Describe the position of form of the pancreas and its relations to other abdominal
organs. Discuss the significance of these relations to pancreatitis and biliary stone
disease.
14. Describe the position and functional anatomy of the kidneys and ureters.
Demonstrate their relations to other abdominal and pelvic structures. Discuss the
clinical significance of renal and ureteric anatomy in relation to urinary stones.
15. Describe the position and relations of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands and their
functional anatomy.
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16. Describe the anatomy of the spleen, including its position, blood supply, surface
markings, relations and peritoneal attachments. Explain the significance of these
relations in trauma, chronic infection and haematopoietic disorders.
17. Describe the origins, courses and major branches of the abdominal aorta, coeliac
trunk superior and inferior mesenteric, renal and gonadal arteries. Describe the origin
and course of the inferior vena cava and its major tributaries.
18. Describe the anatomy of the lymph nodes draining the abdominal viscera and their
significance in relation to metastatic spread.
19. Utilize standard diagnostic images, e.g. CT, x-ray, ultrasound to identify the normal
radiographic anatomy of the abdomen.
Topic 4: PELVIS & PERINEUM
1. Describe the anatomy and functional importance of the pelvic diaphragm, its midline
raphe, perineal body, attachment points and the structures passing through it in
males and females. Describe the clinical significance of the pelvic diaphragm, e.g. in
relation to continence, prolapse and episiotomy.
2. Describe the anatomy of the bladder, its base and ureteric openings and its
relationship to the overlying peritoneum. Explain how the position of the bladder
changes with filling and during pregnancy.
3. Describe the anatomy of the urethra; explain the anatomy of tis different parts in
males and females in relation to continence and urinary tract infections.
4. Describe the anatomy of the scrotum, testis and epididymis. Explain the significance
of the vascular supply of the testis in relation to torsion and varicocele and the
lymphatic drainage in relation to tumor spread.
5. Describe the structures and course of the spermatic cord and ductus (vas) deferens.
6. Describe the anatomy and relations of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
7. Describe the anatomy and relations of the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix and
vagina, including peritoneal coverings. Describe the changes that occur in the uterus
and cervix with pregnancy.
8. Describe the origin, course and relations of the ovarian, uterine, vaginal and testicular
arteries.
9. Describe the anatomy and neurovascular supply of the penis, scrotum, the clitoris,
vulva and vagina. Explain the anatomy of the urogenital diaphragm and perineal
‘pouches”.
10. Describe the origin, course and distribution of the pudendal nerves and the sites of
pudendal nerve block.
11. Describe the anatomy, relations and peritoneal coverings of the sigmoid colon,
rectum and anal canal. Explain the functional anatomy of puborectalis, the anal
sphincters and their role in faecal continence.
12. Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the distal bowel; the supply from
superior rectal (from inferior mesenteric), middle rectal (from internal iliac) and inferior
rectal arteries (from internal pudendal to anal canal only), and porto-systemic venous
anastomoses. Explain the clinical significance of the blood supply and venous
drainage of the distal bowel, e.g. in continence, haemorrhoids and anal fissures.
13. Briefly describe the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic and perineal organs.
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Graduate attributes developed in the unit
This unit will contribute to the development of the following Graduate Attributes.
? Communication
? Critical and creative thinking
? Social interaction
? Independent and lifelong learning
? Ethics
? Interdisciplinarity
? In-depth knowledge of a field of study
What you need to know
Generic information which students need to know is available at What you need to know web
page.
The information includes:
? links to the Assessment Policy
? a description of Academic Integrity
? links to information about:
Examinations; Non-discriminatory language; Student appeals; Student complaints;
Conscientious objection and assessment policy
? determination of grades from components/marks
? information for equity students
This unit was originally written by:
Dr Amanda Meyer, 8 th February 2016.
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Contact details
Unit Coordinator’s contact details
Human Anatomy Lecturer
Name: Dr. Amanda Meyer, PhD
Email: A.Meyer@murdoch.edu.au
Room: ECL 2.056
Phone: +61 8 9360 2150
Radiographic Anatomy Lecturers
Name: Assoc. Prof. Jeff Cooley
Email: J.Cooley@murdoch.edu.au
Room: ECL 2.048
Phone: +61 8 9360 2754
Name: Dr. Ken Young
Email: K.Young@murdoch.edu.au
Room: ECL 2.066
Phone: +61 8 9360 7370
Cadaveric Anatomy Demonstrator
Name: Dr. Emad Ardakani
Email: E.Ardakani@murdoch.edu.au
Room: ECL 2.057
Phone: +61 8 9360 2617
Living Anatomy Demonstrator
Name: Dr. Amber Beynon
Email: A.Beynon@murdoch.edu.au
Administrative contact details
Name: Ms Colette Larsen
Email: C.Larsen@murdoch.edu.au
Room: BITL 1.003
Phone: + 61 8 9360 6019
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How to study this unit
Students should print off material placed on the LMS and read relevant sections of the
textbook prior to coming to the lecture or practical sessions. In doing so, you will be prepared
to actively engage in learning and class discussions.
CHI255 Human Anatomy II is a demanding unit with a large workload. You are expected to
develop a thorough understanding of the gross anatomy of the human body and to be able to
recall key knowledge. Retention of anatomy knowledge learned in this unit will form the basis
of your success in later units.
What will help you LEARN anatomy?
? Strategic learning: deep on important content, surface for other details.
? Focus on understanding rather than memorisation.
? Engage in lectures, tutorials and laboratories.
? Allocate lots of time for self-directed study and revision (AVOID CRAMMING!!!)
? Regularly review course content (repeated re-learnings will increase your retention)
? Regulary test yourself – quizzes on LMS, online quizzes, apps, flashcards
“Successful learning of anatomy requires a balance between memorisation
with understanding and visualisation” (Pandey and Zimitat, 2007).
The anatomy prosection and radiology laboratories (Amen 2.001/ 2.014) are contextual
learning environments. Attendance at all practical sessions is MANDATORY and
attendance records will be reviewed. By attending these practical sessions, you can integrate
the theory learned in the lectures with being able to visualise and explore human cadaver
prosections, models and radiographs – giving you the complete picture. Students are
expected to engage in the practical sessions and ensure that they allow themselves enough
time to view all material and complete their weekly lab worksheets. As second year students,
it is expected that you can identify what you need to view and can manage your time in the
lab to achieve this without the need for timed stations. This style of practical session is
normal for second year anatomy students at many universities and helps students develop
the critical skills of organisation and time management.
Contact time
5 contact hours/week:
1 hour cadaveric anatomy laboratory class
1 hour radiographic anatomy lecture
1 hour radiographic anatomy practical class
1 hour anatomy tutorial
1 hour living anatomy practical class
5 non-contact hours/week – directed or self-directed study
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Time commitment
As this is a 3 credit point unit, we expect you to spend on average 10 hours per week for the
total weeks of this teaching period (or 150 hours overall) working on this unit.
Attendance requirements
Attendance at all practical and laboratory classes is MANDATORY as resources from these
classes (not available online) form the majority of assessments in this unit.
Small group and interactive teaching and learning activities
Our practical sessions (cadaveric, living and radiographic anatomy) are designed to be
undertaken in pairs or small groups to endorse the principle that small group and interactive
learning and teaching is an important part of the Murdoch experience.
Unit changes in response to student feedback
? Increased emphasis on living anatomy.
? Online class tests with specific feedback once assessment is finished.
? Formative quizzes (Moodle or Socrative) to prepare for class tests.
? Increased clinical application.
? Videos using anatomy laboratory specimens.
? Tutorial sessions.
? Lists of structures to identify for each laboratory class to provide more direction.
? Digital learning station now provided in the Human Anatomy Laboratory.
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Resources for this unit
It is essential that you have at least one theory textbook:
McKinley MP, O’Loughlin VD, Pennerfather-O’Brien EE & Harris RT
(2014) Human Anatomy. 4 th edition. McGrawHill.
(Textbook from BMS101 and CHI108)
or
Moore KL, Dally AF & Agur AMR (2013) Clinically Oriented Anatomy.
LWW.[PREFERRED]
It is essential that you have a cadaver atlas, I recommend:
Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., Lutjen-Drecoll, E., Chung, K.W. (2011) Color Atlas
of Anatomy: A Photographic Study of the Human Body. 7 th Edition. LWW.
ISBN: 978-1-58255-856-1 [ESSENTIAL used in CHI108, CHI255, CHI234]
It is recommended that you have a colouring book, I recommend:
Kapit, W., and Elson, L.M. (2014) The anatomy coloring book. 4 th
edition. Pearson. ISBN: 978-0-321-83201-6. [RECOMMENDED]
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It is essential that you have a text for living anatomy palpation classes:
Bickley LS (2013) Bates’ Guide to Physical
Examination and History Taking. 11 th edition.
LWW. ISBN: 9781609137625
South Street Library Reserve: 616.0754 BIC
2013
This is the same required textbook that you
will need next semester for CHI293 Physical
Examination.
or
Muscolino, J.E. (2009) The muscle and bone palpation manual
with trigger points, referral patterns, and stretching. 1st edition.
Mosby. ISBN: 978-0-323-05171-2.
or
Cael, CJ (2011) Functional Anatomy: Musculoskeletal
Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Palpation for Manual Therapists.
LWW. ISBN: 9781451127911
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Recommended radiology text books (any 1 of the following):
Marchiori DM (2013) Clinical Imaging: with Skeletal, Chest, &
Abdominal Pattern Differentials, 3rd edition. Elsevier, St Louis.
ISBN: 9780323084956
Weir J, Abrahams PH, Spratt JD, Salkowski LR (2010) Imaging Atlas of
Human Anatomy. 4th edition, Mosby, Elsevier, London. ISBN:
9780723434573
Yochum TR, Rowe LJ (2004) Essentials in Skeletal Radiology 3rd ed. LWW.
ISBN: 9780781739467
[Note: For chiropractic students, this text will also be
used in 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th year units]
Wicke L, (2004) Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy, 7th English edition, Urban and
Schwarzenberg, Baltimore. 611.00222
The following will be provided during the teaching period:
? lecture slides
? lecture recordings
? digital media
? workshop handouts
? laboratory instructions/workbooks
? print and electronic library material
? articles on the web
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Personal protective equipment for the prosection lab:
Laboratory coat*, closed-in shoes # , hair ties.
*A number of laboratory coats are available for hire at $2 per session.
# For safety reasons, you will NOT be permitted in the Anatomy Laboratory with
shoes that do not cover the dorsum of your foot.
Appropriate attire for the surface anatomy class:
? Examination gown and shorts
? Towels/sheets (to protect examination tables and for modesty)
? Non-permanent skin marking pencil
You are recommended to purchase an examination gown (~ $20) for
palpation classes. This will be used in other chiropractic units such as
CHI234, CHI293 and third year onwards.
http://www.hospitalgowns.com.au
You should have your diagnostic set for classes in Topic 1 and for further use next semester
in CHI293 and onwards!
Dr Ardakani recommends:
Welch Allyn 2.5v LED Non-rechargeable Coaxial Diagnostic Set
Welch Allyn 3.5v Coaxial Diagnostic Set - 97200-BI
A good-quality stethoscope will be useful for classes in Topic 2.
IMMUNISATION
Students should please note that immunisation is required for the chiropractic
program according to Category A, Schedule 1 of the University policy on vaccination
seen here: https://policy.murdoch.edu.au/dotNet/documents/?docid=1536&mode=view
Other vaccinations may be required when treating special populations.
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Recommended apps (recommended by previous students):
1. Essential Anatomy 5 (by 3D4Medical.com)
2. Essential Skeleton 5 (by 3D4Medical.com)
3. Anatomy Learning – 3D Atlas (by AnatomyLearning)
4. Human Anatomy Atlas ( by Visible Body)
Recommended Facebook pages
1. Daily Anatomy
2. Human Anatomy Education
3. Radiopaedia.org
Recommended Tweeters to Follow
1. @amandameyerphd
2. @kenhub_com
3. @AkramJaffar
4. @Radiopaedia
5. @AnatomyWorld
6. @AnatomyZone
Recommended YouTubes from previous students:
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCV2c5vgFcf591rZPv6VDkXA
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFVr9WK_jSsZrWnQWwKGT2A
http://www.youtube.com/user/yojimbo1973/videos
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCesNt4_Z-Pm41RzpAClfVcg
http://www.youtube.com/user/DrawItKnowIt/videos
Helpful online resources:
1. https://www.kenhub.com/
2. http://www.biodigital.com
3. http://www.aclandanatomy.com
4. http://thepoint.lww.com/student
代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II
19
Assessment
Assessment for this unit is conducted in accordance with the Assessment Policy.
Schedule of assessment items
You will be assessed on the basis of:
Assessment item Description
Aligned
Learning
Outcomes
Value Due
Formative Radiology
Quizzes
Image based quizzes relating to the
topic of the week. Run during
radiology practical session.
Topics 1-3 0% Weekly
Online Tests
1
2
3
Imaged-based MCQ or short-
answer Moodle Quiz. To be sat on
campus in computer lab LB3.034.
Closed book. Supervised.
Covers:
Topic 1
Topic 2
Topics 3&4
20%
20%
20%
23 March
20 April
26 May
Oral
Presentation
Group of four students to present a
20 minute evidence-based
presentation, lecture slides and
group meeting minutes.
Topics 1-4 20%
Weeks 10,
12, 14
Practical
Examination
Objective-structured practical
examination. Covers material from
living and radiographic anatomy
classes. Stations will be designed
to bring all of your anatomical
knowledge together in application.
Topics 1-4 20%
Examinatio
n Period
Assessment details
Formative Radiology Quizzes
? Projected images during practical sessions (in Amen. 2.014).
? Short answer, MCQ, or T/F format.
? Applies practical skills and theoretical knowledge
? 2-4 questions per quiz
? Relates to topic covered that week.
? Formative quiz format assists students in preparing for the radiology components of
the Anatomy Tests and Practical Examination.
?
Online Tests
? Moodle Quizzes.
? Supervised on campus in computer lab LB3.034.
? Image-based multiple-choice or short-answer questions.
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? Images will be largely drawn from practical & laboratory classes (i.e.
cadaveric/living/radiographic anatomy) and may be supplemented by those from the
essential textbooks.
? Each test will have between 20-60 questions.
? Will be worth 20% of the final grade each (3 x 20% = 60%)
Oral Presentation
? Students will form groups of four during the first class.
? Groups will nominate a topic from a list provided by the Unit Coordinator.
? Students will provide a group oral presentation in either week 10, 12 or 14.
? Students will submit the lecture slides and meeting minutes AT LEAST 24 hours
prior to the delivery of the oral presentation.
? Students will deliver a 15 minute oral presentation and will be marked according to
the following rubric:
Organisation (15%)
15
Consistently clear, concise,
well organized. Points were
easy to follow because of the
organization. Transitions
between sections were
smooth and coordinated.
11
Usually clear, concise, well
organized. Most of the
presentation was easy to
follow. Transitions between
sections usually coordinated.
8
Not always clear or concise.
Organisation was adequate,
but weak. Occasionally
wandered and was
sometimes difficult to follow.
Transitions between sections
weak.
4
Often unclear and
disorganised, rambled too
much. The presentation was
confusing and difficult to
follow. Transitions between
sections awkward.
Topic Knowledge (20%)
20
Displayed an excellent grasp
of the material.
Demonstrated excellent
mastery of content,
applications and implications.
Excellent depth of knowledge
through literature search and
research.
15
Displayed a general grasp of
the material. Demonstrated
good mastery of content,
application and implications.
Good research depth.
10
Displayed some grasp of the
material. Demonstrated
adequate mastery of content,
application and implications.
Research not very deep.
5
Displayed a poor grasp of the
material. Demonstrated a
superficial handling of
content, application and
implications. Little depth of
research.
Anatomical Knowledge (20%)
20
Clear synthesis of basic
anatomy to the clinical
setting. Clearly displayed
mastery of anatomical
knowledge and role in
chosen topic.
15
Exhibited some anatomical
knowledge and its link to the
chosen topic.
10
Minimal grasp of anatomical
knowledge. Had difficulty
applying anatomical
relevance to topic.
5
Lacked understanding of
relationship of basic
anatomical knowledge to
their clinical topic.
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Visual Aids (15%)
15
Simple, clear, easy to read
and interpret. Well-
coordinated with content, well
designed, used very
effectively. Excellent example
of how to prepare and use
good visual aids.
11
Usually clear, easy to read
and interpret. Generally well-
coordinated with content,
design was OK, generally
used effectively.
Demonstrated some
understanding of how to use
visual aids.
8
Marginally acceptable, too
complex, crowded, difficult to
read and interpret. Adequate
coordination with content.
Used only adequately.
Showed little understanding
of how to prepare and use
visual aids.
4
Poor quality visual aids (or
none), hard to read,
technically inaccurate, poorly
constructed. Poor
coordination of content. Used
poorly. The presenter did not
seem to know how to prepare
or use visual aids effectively.
Determination of Unit Mark and Grade
Component marks shall be combined consistent with the weightings assigned to the
components as illustrated in the “Schedule of assessment items & assessment details”
above. The University does not allow marks and grades to be scaled.
University grades are awarded as follows:
Summary (15%)
15
Clear, concise, major points
emphasized, clear
recommendations, strong
conclusion or call for action.
11
Referred to main points,
recommendations weak or
missing, weak conclusions or
call for action.
8
Vague mention of major
points, no recommendations,
weak conclusion, weak or no
call for action.
4
No summary, no
recommendations, no
conclusions, no call for
action.
Stage Presence (15%)
15
Excellent stage presence.
Confident, used notes well, at
ease, excellent gestures,
good audience attention,
good eye contact.
11
Good stage presence. Fairly
confident, used notes fairly
well, good gestures,
acceptable audience
attention and eye contact.
8
Adequate stage presence.
Read parts, fumbled with
notes, several distracting
mannerisms, minimal
gestures, minimal eye
contact, too many “ums”.
4
Poor stage presence.
Unprepared, awkward, poor
eye contact, lots of “ums”,
turned from audience to read
projection/notes, shuffled
feet, fidgeted. Poor gestures.
Additional Feedback
Specific strengths of
presentation
Specific weaknesses of
presentation
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Deferred Assessment
Students seeking to defer assessment due prior to the beginning of the last week of the
academic period must lodge an application in writing to the Unit Coordinator, who shall
determine the outcome of the application in accordance with Section 9 of the Assessment
Policy 2016. The appropriate documentation can be found at:
http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Student-life/_document/Useful-forms/DeferAssess.pdf
For more information, visit:
http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Student-life/Get-organised/About-exams/Deferred-
assessment/
Supplementary Assessment
If a student achieves an overall unit score between 45-49%, the Unit Coordinator may, in
accordance with Assessment Guideline section 4, decide to offer a supplementary
assessment. The Unit Coordinator will review class attendance, participation and
assessment results to determine if a further opportunity to demonstrate achievement of
the unit’s Learning Outcomes is warranted.
代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II
Murdoch University 23
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Administration Information
Please click on the links below to access the following policies of Murdoch University:
Assessment Policy
Complaints Management Policy
Conscientious Objection in Teaching and Assessment Policy
Non-discriminatory language
Student Appeals Policy
Student Code of Conduct
Student Disability Policy
Technical help available at:
http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Educational-technologies/
Copyright information at:
http://library.murdoch.edu.au/Copyright-matters/Student-support/
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Learning Guide
Introduction
CHI255 Human Anatomy II will provide students with a thorough knowledge of the gross
(living and cadaveric) and radiographic anatomy of musculoskeletal and visceral
components of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis.
Living and radiographic anatomy are core components of CHI255 as after graduation, most
health professionals will experience anatomy as either living anatomy (e.g. palpation;
manipulation; massage) or clinical images (e.g. ultrasound; x-ray; CT; MRI). This unit aims to
give students a solid foundation of anatomy on which to build on in future units such as
Physical Examination (CHI293) and clinical practice.
This Learning Guide contains information on how to study each topic, including:
? Introductory information
? Learning activities/tasks
? Resources required for the topic
? How the topic contributes to the unit’s learning outcomes
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Topic 1: HEAD & NECK
What you need to do
? Attend all classes
? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
? Navigate to Topic 1: HEAD & NECK on the CHI255 page.
? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
? Complete formative & summative assessments.
Learning outcomes
Listed on pages 4 & 5 of this document.
Resources for this topic
All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
Essential textbook
Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7 th edition. LWW,
Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8 th edition.
Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
Bickley LS & Szilagyi PG (2013) Bates’ guide to physical examination and history-taking. 11 th
edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-762-5
Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
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Learning activities/tasks
? Group work/project
? Lab activities
? Online discussion
? Quizzes
? Self-assessments
? Study and tutorial questions
? Workshop activities
Topic 2: THORAX
What you need to do
? Attend all classes
? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
? Navigate to Topic 2:THORAX on the CHI255 page.
? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
? Complete formative & summative assessments.
Learning outcomes
Listed on pages 5 & 6 of this document.
Resources for this topic
All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
Essential textbook
Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th edition. LWW,
Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8th edition.
Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
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Bickley LS & Szilagyi PG (2013) Bates’ guide to physical examination and history-taking.
11th edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-
762-5
Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
Learning activities/tasks
? Group work/project
? Lab activities
? Online discussion
? Quizzes
? Self-assessments
? Study and tutorial questions
? Workshop activities
Topic 3: ABDOMEN
What you need to do
? Attend all classes
? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
? Navigate to Topic 3: ABDOMEN on the CHI255 page.
? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
? Complete formative & summative assessments.
Learning outcomes
Listed on pages 6 & 7 of this document.
Resources for this topic
All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
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To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
Essential textbook
Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th edition. LWW,
Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8th edition.
Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
Bickley LS & Szilagyi PG (2013) Bates’ guide to physical examination and history-taking.
11th edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-
762-5
Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
Learning activities/tasks
? Group work/project
? Lab activities
? Online discussion
? Quizzes
? Self-assessments
? Study and tutorial questions
? Workshop activities
Topic 4: PELVIS & PERINEUM
What you need to do
? Attend all classes
? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
? Navigate to Topic 4: PELVIS & PERINEUM on the CHI255 page.
? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
? Complete formative & summative assessments.
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Learning outcomes
Listed on page 8 of this document.
Resources for this topic
All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
Essential textbook
Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th edition. LWW,
Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8th edition.
Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
Bickley LS & Szilagyi PG (2013) Bates’ guide to physical examination and history-taking.
11th edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-
762-5
Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
Learning activities/tasks
? Group work/project
? Lab activities
? Online discussion
? Quizzes
? Self-assessments
? Study and tutorial questions
? Workshop activities
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Topic 1: Assumed knowledge from CHI108
1. Be able to identify and use correct terminology to define the three common anatomic planes
2. Compare, contrast and use the proper terms to describe directions in the body.
3. Compare and describe the organisation of grey and white matter in the brain.
4. Identify the subdivisions of the brain (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe,
cerebellum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata).
5. Describe the characteristics of the cranial meninges and the cranial dural septa.
6. Identify the ventricles of the brain (lateral x 2, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth
ventricle).
7. Identify the major arteries supplying the brain: vertebral arteries, basilar artery, internal carotid
arteries.
8. Identify the vessels of the cerebral arterial circle (anterior cerebral artery, anterior
communicating artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior
cerebral artery).
9. Identify the divisions of the diencephalon (pineal gland, thalamus, hypothalamus) and briefly
describe their functions.
10. Identify the components of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) and briefly
describe their functions.
11. Identify the divisions of the cerebellum and briefly describe its function.
12. Identify the 12 cranial nerves and describe their location.
13. Describe the principal functions of each cranial nerve pair.
14. Identify the cranial nerves involved in gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium and hearing.
15. Draw and describe a section through the spinal cord.
16. Compare and contrast the distribution of white and grey matter in the spinal cord versus
cerebrum.
17. Draw and describe a typical spinal nerve formation.
18. Understand the differences between dorsal and ventral spinal cord roots.
19. Understand the differences between the dorsal and ventral primary rami.
20. Understand the differences between spinal cord roots and spinal nerve.
21. Define the concept of a dermatome and understand its clinical significance.
22. Understand the concept of nerve plexuses (you will not be required to name individual
peripheral nerves in CHI108, you will in CHI255 and CHI234).
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23. Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous
systems.
24. Compare and contrast the anatomy of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
25. Identify and use the anatomic terms that describe the surface features of bone
26. Identify bone markings on the major bones of the human skeleton.
27. Describe the three structural categories of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.
28. Be able to structurally classify the joints of the human body.
29. Describe the functional categories of joints: synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses.
30. Be able to functionally classify the joints of the human body.
31. Be able to draw and describe the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
32. Be able to draw and describe the intervertebral (IV) joints.
33. Identify the cranial and facial bones of the skull.
34. Locate and name the sutures between the cranial bones.
35. Describe the structure of the nasal complex and paranasal sinuses.
36. Identify the three auditory ossicles.
37. Discuss the structure of the hyoid bone.
38. Compare the morphology between male and female skulls.
39. Compare and contrast child and adult skulls.
40. Identify the parts of a typical vertebra.
41. Compare the vertebrae from each region of the vertebral column.
42. Be able to draw vertebrae from each region of the vertebral column.
43. Identify the major muscles involved in facial expression. Be able to recall their origin, insertion
and action.
44. Identify the muscles of mastication and outline how each affects mandibular movement. Be able
to recall their origin, insertion and action.
45. Identify the muscles involved in the major movements of the head and neck. Be able to recall
their origin, insertion and action.
46. Identify the infrahyoid (omohyoid, thyroid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid) and suprahyoid
(digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid) muscles.
47. Identify and understand the origin, insertion and action of the following muscles: levator
scapulae, longissimus capitis, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoids, scalenes, splenius
capitis/cervicis and sternocleidomastoid (for head and neck region).
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48. Identify the following blood vessels in the head and neck region: aortic arch, brachiocephalic
trunk, common carotid artery, external carotid artery, external carotid artery, internal carotid
artery, circle of Willis, subclavian artery, external jugular vein, internal jugular vein.
Topic 2: Assumed knowledge (CHI108)
1. Identify the position and location of the heart.
2. Discuss the structure and function of the pericardium.
3. Describe the external anatomy of the heart and its major vessels.
4. Observe and identify the internal anatomic characteristics of each heart chamber.
5. Identify the location and origins of the coronary arteries.
6. Describe the effect of sympathetic versus parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
7. Identify and describe the anatomy and function of the lungs.
8. Trace the pattern of blood flow through the heart and lungs.
9. Compare and contrast fetal versus adult circulation.
10. Compare and contrast the structure of arteries and veins.
11. List and describe the major blood vessels involved in blood flow to and from all the body tissues.
12. Vessels you should be able to identify include:
a. aortic arch
b. brachiocephalic trunk
c. common carotid artery
d. external carotid artery
e. internal carotid artery
f. external jugular vein
g. internal jugular vein
h. subclavian artery
i. axillary artery
j. descending aorta
k. pulmonary artery
l. pulmonary vein
m. superior vena cava
n. inferior vena cava
代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II
