Business Plan 商业计划 经营计划 assignment 代写

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  • Business Plan 商业计划 经营计划 assignment 代写

     
    Preparing a business
    plan
    Prepared by Janine Ashwell, Flinders University
    Chapter outline
    • The concept of a business plan
    • Elements of a business plan
    • Different types of plans
    • Preparing the document: the business-planning
    process
    Learning objectives
    • Explain what a business plan is and the advantages
    and disadvantages of using one
    • State the major elements of a business plan
    • Explain the business planning process
    • Explain how plans may differ in a number of variables
    The concept of a business plan
    • A business plan is a written document that explains
    and analyses an existing or proposed business
    venture
    • Has three main functions:
    - To communicate the future of the business
    - To convey the credibility of the business
    - To act as an organising tool
    Business planning and performance
    • Whilst some research suggests that successful
    businesses are more likely to use a business plan, the
    level of business planning remains low
    • In Australia only 16% of businesses had a formal plan
    • Large firms tend to plan more than smaller
    organisations
    • Aggregated results of 47 separate studies showed a
    significant positive relationship between planning
    and performance
    Advantages of business planning
    • Provides a clear statement of direction and purpose
    for a firm
    • Encourages goal setting
    • Provides a holistic perspective on
    the firm
    • Encourages entrepreneurs to fully research their
    business idea
    Advantages of business planning
    • Integrates operations, and financial and marketing
    aspects of the business
    • Provides a suitable yardstick to evaluate a firm’s
    performance
    • Can help raise finance
    Disadvantages of business planning
    • Not a guarantee of success
    • Cannot eliminate uncertainty — not possible to
    accurately predict the future
    • May use inaccurate, biased or out-dated information
    Elements of a business plan
    Fig. 8.1
    Elements of a business plan
    • Executive summary
    • Background
    • Marketing
    • Operations and production
    • Financial projections
    • Implementation timetable
    • Appendices
    Executive summary
    Introductory segment which briefly summarises the
    key features that are explained in more detail later
    on in the plan:
    –Business goals and ideas
    –Marketing
    –Operations
    –Finances
    Background
    In this section, the business owner or entrepreneur
    attempts to give the reader an understanding of the
    issues driving the business project.
    These will include:
    – Mission statement
    – Company history
    – Business goals of the firm
    Marketing
    Marketing provides the rationale for the very
    existence of the business
    • Market research
    – undertaken to prepare the plan
    • Market analysis covering:
    – Industry trends
    – Seasonal variations
    – Competitors
    – Potential strategic allies
    – SWOT analysis
    Marketing
    • Marketing plan covering:
    – Products/services and target market
    – Placement (distribution channel)
    – Promotions and advertising
    – Pricing policy
    – Extended mix- people, process and physical
    evidence
    • Evaluation of marketing
    Operations and production
    This section usually covers:
    • Legal and licensing requirements
    • Management details (who they are)
    • Organisational structure and staffing
    • Professional advisers
    • Insurance and security issues
    Operations and production cont.
    • Business premises
    • Plant and equipment required
    • Production processes to be used
    • Service processes and standards
    (for example, service blueprinting)
    • Critical risks
    (and contingency plans to cover these)
    Financial projections
    There are three areas to consider for this section:
    1. Basic assumptions and information
    • brief explanation about how forecasts were prepared
    • details about bank accounts
    • details on any loans or overdrafts
    • details on any additional funds required
    (how much and how they are to be raised)
    • any unusual items in the projections
    (that may otherwise look like an error)
    Financial projections
    2. Financial forecasts
    • Sales mix forecast
    • Cash flow forecast
    • Projected profit and loss statement
    • Balance sheet
    • Personal expenses, assets and liabilities
    3. Analysis of financial forecasts
    Implementation timetable
    • Provides the owner/manager with a schedule of the
    activities needed to be carried out to set up and run
    the business
    • Also usually organised on a monthly basis, so
    providing a set of milestone schedules for the
    owner/manager to work by
    Appendixes
    Typically this could include:
    • copies of résumés of the entrepreneur and key
    personnel
    • credit information
    • quotes for major capital purchases
    • copies of leases or buy/sell agreements
    • other legal documents
    Preparing the document
    • Business planning typically takes several steps
    • It is also reiterative: some parts may take several
    attempts before a finalised plan is adopted
    Preparing the document:
    the business planning process
    Fig. 8.2
    Different types of plans
    Not all plans follow a common template, and may
    vary in the following areas:
    • Specificity : amount of detail they contain
    - When a firm is new, small and focused on a
    limited target market it is easier to cover all
    details
    • Length of the actual document
    - No ideal length
    - Dependant upon business idea
    - Dependant upon organisational size
    Different types of plans
    • Audience
    - Business owners and employees
    - Financial investors
    • Timeframe
    - short term (up to one year)
    - longer term (greater than one year)
    • Strategic or operational direction
    - strategic plans set out the long-term focus
    - business plans focus on operational issues
    Summary
    • All business plans, whatever their structure, will
    cover the key issues of marketing, operations and
    financing
    • The strategic or tactical nature of the plan and the
    intended audience will affect the scope length and
    specificity of the plan
    • The main advantages of business planning include
    more complete information gathering, balanced
    decision making and assistance in raising finance
     
    Business Plan 商业计划 经营计划 assignment 代写