MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写

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  • MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写



    )             A critical glossary of 1500 words 40%
     
     
    Choose 6-8 of the weekly keywords and produce glossary definitions of around 200-300 words. Offer a definition of the keyword in your own words (no direct quotation) and critically reflect on how the term has been used in media research. Organise your selected entries in alphabetical order.
    The aim of this assessment task is to demonstrate your your understanding of key concepts and how they have been/can be mobilised in media research. While it is expected that many of your definitions will be drawn from the lectures and readings, for some keywords, you may need to conduct additional research. NB. some of the keywords can be applied to other fields of inquiry., so please ensure that the definition you provide is related to media and communication.
     
     
    Weekly Keywords
    Week 1: Cultivation, cultural indicators, desensitisation, mean world syndrome, media effects, content analysis, qualitative methods, quantitative methods.
    Week 2: discourse, critical discourse analysis, lexical choice, ideology, labeling.
    Week 3: rhetoric, poststructuralism, nonfiction film, documentary, icons, index.

    DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO
    MEDIA
    MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA
    RESEARCH
    Dr Matthew Sini
    DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
    ‣ DISCOURSE
    ‣ DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    ‣ APPROACHES
    ‣ CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    ‣ KEY CONCEPTS
    LANGUAGE NOT ONLY “SAYS”
    THINGS.
    LANGUAGE ALSO “DOES”
    THINGS.
    DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
    WHAT IS DISCOURSE?
    ▸ from Latin discursus, meaning “running across” or “running
    to and fro”
    ▸ the “landscape” in which media texts operate
    ▸ this discursive landscape shapes the way in which we
    speak about the world.
    DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
    DISCOURSES OF SEXUALITY
    According to 19th century, neither homosexuality nor
    heterosexuality “existed" as discourses.
    TEXT
    WHAT IS DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?
    ▸ Examines patterns of language across texts and considers
    the relationship between language and the social and
    cultural contexts in which it’s used.
    ▸ The ways that use of language is influenced by
    relationships between participants as well as the effects
    the use of language has upon social identities and
    relations.
    “NEWS IS A REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD IN LANGUAGE … IT IMPOSES A
    STRUCTURE OF VALUES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IN ORIGIN, ON WHATEVER IS
    REPRESENTED. NEWS IS A REPRESENTATION IN THE SENSE OF CONSTRUCTION;
    IT IS NOT A VALUE-FREE REFLECTION OF “FRUITS” … EACH PARTICULAR FORM
    OF LINGUISTIC EXPRESSION IN A TEXT – WORDING, SYNTACTIC OPTION, ETC. –
    HAS ITS REASON. THERE ARE ALWAYS DIFFERENT WAYS OF SAYING THE SAME
    THING, AND THEY ARE NOT RANDOM, ACCIDENTAL ALTERNATIVES. DIFFERENCES
    IN EXPRESSION CARRY IDEOLOGICAL DISTINCTIONS (AND THUS DIFFERENCES IN
    REPRESENTATION.”
    (FOWLER, 1991: 4)
    DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
    DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
    APPROACHES
    ▸ focus on language in use to discover how it varies and relate
    this variation to different social situations and environments, or
    different users.
    ▸ Focus on the activity of language use, rather than the language
    itself.
    ▸ Looks for patterns in the language associated with a particular
    topic or activity.
    ▸ Patterns within much larger contexts, such as those referred to
    as “society” or “culture.”
    TEXT
    CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (CDA)
    “CDA has a range of approaches, but is guided mostly by these ideas:
    Addressing social problems
    View of power relations as discursive
    Discourse as something that constitutes society and culture
    Discourse does ideological work
    Discourse is historical
    The link between text and society is mediated
    Discourse analysis is interpretive and explanatory
    Discourse is a form of social action”
    (Lé and Lé, p. 8)
    TEXT
    KEY CONCEPT 1: SOCIAL POWER
    “Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another
    person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.” –
    Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
    CDA more interested in implicit rather than
    explicit forms of social power.
    TEXT
    KEY CONCEPT 2: IDEOLOGY
    Ideology “is defined in terms of the fundamental cognitive beliefs
    that are at the basis of the social representations shared by the
    members of a group. Thus, people may have ideological racist or
    sexist beliefs (e.g. about inequality) that are at the basis of racist
    and sexist prejudices shared by the members in their group, and
    that condition their discourse and other social practices. We thus
    at the same time are able to link ideologies with discourse, and
    hence with the ways they are (discursively) reproduced, as well as
    the ways members of a group represent and reproduce their
    social position and conditions in their social cognitions and
    discourses” (van Dijk 2004, p. 27).
    TEXT
    IDEOLOGY CONT
    TEXT
    KEY CONCEPT 3: SOCIAL PRACTICES
    ▸ Social practices are the processes and effects in which
    discourse is seen to operate.
    TEXT
    CDA METHODOLOGY
    ▸ Describe
    ▸ Interpret
    ▸ Explain
    ▸ Reflect

    MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写
    TEXT
    CDA AND NEWS MEDIA
    TEXT
    DISADVANTAGES/CRITIQUES OF CRITICAL/DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
    ▸ Linguistic bias.
    ▸ Cultural bias. Mostly Western focus.
    ▸ Often ahistorical.
    ▸ Methodology is not systematic or rigorous (CDA especially).
    ▸ Political and social ideologies are projected into the data
    rather than being revealed through the data. Tendency
    towards confirmation bias.
    DISCOURSE SHAPES OUR MEANING-MAKING AND SOCIAL PRACTICE. IT
    REGULATES OUR CULTURE AND ITS CULTURAL PRODUCTS BY DEFINING
    AND PRODUCING THE OBJECTS OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. BEING ATTENTIVE
    TO THE ROLE THAT DISCOURSE PLAYS IN THE MEDIA WILL HELP US
    UNDERSTAND THE NETWORK OF IDEOLOGIES AND THE PROCESSES OF
    HEGEMONY IN CONTEXT, RATHER THAN LOCATING IT SOLELY IN ONE OR
    TWO TEXTS. IT CONNECTS SOCIAL REALITY TO REPRESENTATIONAL
    FORMS AND INTENDS TO REVEAL TO US THE STATUS QUO.
    MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写