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MOMO TO POMO AT2 ESSAY 2022
All Modern Architecture: Momo to Pomo students will research and write a 2000-word illustrated essay on
a topic selected from the list overleaf.
Essays are expected to be:
• 2000 words in length. (up to 10% over this limit is acceptable)
• Typed in at least 12 point with 1.5 line spacing
• Presented with margins of at least 2.5cm
• Page numbered
• Presented with a header containing the following information: name, student number, course code,
tutor name, tutorial number.
• Accompanied by citations in the Chicago 16A / 17A footnote style. This will require both footnotes and a
bibliography. Clear instructions about how to use this system for different types of sources can be found
here: http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/recite/citations/chicago/generalNotes.html?style=3
NOTE You will be penalised for using in-text citations (author and date of publication in brackets within the
essay text). Severe penalties will be incurred for lack of citations and/or citations lacking page numbers (and
these must refer to specific pages, not the entirety of an article).
• Include images that support the written arguments of the essay, with captions and sources located with the
image, not as a footnote. Sample caption:
o Fig X. Section of Erich Mendelsohn’s Hat Factory and Dye Works, Luckenwalde, 1921-23.
Source: William Curtis, Modern Architecture Since 1900, 3 rd ed. (New York: Phaidon, 1996), 188.
• Please give careful consideration to the format and visual presentation of the essay.
• Submitted with a coversheet that includes the essay topic number and wording.
Sign-up/submission:
You are required to sign-up to an essay topic via “People” in Canvas by 5pm Monday 18 th April.
Students should submit an electronic copy of their essay in PDF format to Canvas by 5pm Monday 2 nd
May.
Please attach a cover sheet ( available via the Canvas site). N.B. Cover sheets must contain the essay topic
number and essay topic heading as it appears in square brackets below.
Due Date:
Monday 2nd May at 5pm
Late Sign-up/submissions & Extensions
Late sign-up/submissions are strongly discouraged and will be penalized. 5% of the total possible marks
for the assignment will be deducted for each day beyond the assignment sign-up/submission date.
Students who face difficulties in submitting on time should contact the Senior Tutor Dr Bronwyn Stocks
(Bronwyn.stocks@unimelb.edu.au) before the due date to discuss their situation.
N.B. ALL requests for extension must be submitted online: https://edsc.unimelb.edu.au/enrolment/list-of-
forms/application-for-extension
Please note the guidelines for Extension eligibility listed on this site. Extensions will not be granted on the
grounds of workload.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING
ABPL 30050 / ARCH20003 MODERN ARCHITECTURE: MOMO TO POMO
2
Assessment criteria
AT2 will be worth 40% of the subject result. It will be assessed against the following criteria:
• Extent to which the essay demonstrates a thoughtful consideration of the topic including effective
argumentation within specified word count (30%);
• Extent to which the essay employs primary evidence such as buildings, images and/or texts to support
discussion and argumentation (30%);
• Extent to which the essay demonstrates thorough research, critical evaluation of research materials and
documentation of research sources. (30%);
• Clarity of expression, spelling and grammar, formatting, and visual presentation of the essay (10%).
Refer to assessment rubric below for grade levels of each criterion.
Further notes on assessment criteria – Please read this carefully.
A key point of reference for the assessment criteria is the extent to which the essays have answered the set
question. It is essential that all students devote time to analysing, understanding and answering the ‘question’
posed in the essay topic selected. Students should ensure they are examining content appropriate to the
question and consider ALL parts of the question in their written response. If you are unsure as to what a question
is asking, please check with your tutor, the senior tutor or the subject coordinator.
Assessment criteria will also examine the quality of the research and sources used to consider the question,
the level of critical inquiry (that is, how well the topic is argued and discussed) and the overall structure and
direction of the argument, including clear concluding remarks. The assignment calls for students to
carefully and critically consider and answer the chosen topic using appropriate sources. Students should
aim to consult a fair number of primary and secondary sources (a minimum of six), avoiding where
possible very general texts or websites such as Wikipedia or Encyclopedia Britannica etc. Students
should also include visual material to support their arguments where appropriate. Be selective with your
images and locate them at relevant places in the text so that they can support your written arguments.
Captions, citing name, title, place, and date as well as image sources should accompany illustrations.
You are expected to use scholarly journal articles for your research (accessible via databases like jstor)
and, where possible, books. Please see the Researching and Writing Workshop on the Canvas site:
https://canvas.lms.unimelb.edu.au/courses/114993/pages/researching-and-writing-virtual-workshop
Please note that ample resources are available online that will allow you to produce a well-researched
essay. The Researching and Writing Workshop includes information on how to access e-books and
other online material. Another great way to find e-books is via the following link that was set up in 2020
to provide access to library collections while institutions were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic:
https://openlibrary.org/ (This allows one-at-a-time access to digitized books in a range of collections
across the USA.)
Word limit guidelines should be adhered to as closely as possible. 10% over or under the word limit will be
acceptable. Bear in mind that assessment tasks require you to craft an effective and efficient response within
given constraints. If your essay, for example, is well under the word limit then you may need to consider
whether you have adequately answered all parts of the question. If you are well over the word limit, then
your text might warrant some editing to remove anything that is not specifically relevant. It is a good idea to
read your work out loud (to family, friends or just to yourself) as this often highlights areas requiring
improvement or amendment that might otherwise be overlooked in a silent read-through.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING
ABPL 30050 / ARCH20003 MODERN ARCHITECTURE: MOMO TO POMO
3
The Academic Skills Unit is also a valuable resource that can provide further assistance:
http://services.unimelb.edu.au/academicskills/undergrads
PLEASE NOTE: All essays in Modern Architecture: Momo to Pomo are scanned by plagiarism detection software.
Students found to have copied text without proper acknowledgment (that is, plagiarised) in their assignment
submissions, will face the penalties as set out in the University policy on plagiarism. See:
http://academichonesty.unimelb.edu.au/policy.html
https://academicintegrity.unimelb.edu.au/#academic-misconduct
https://academicintegrity.unimelb.edu.au/#plagiarism-and-collusion
https://academicintegrity.unimelb.edu.au/plagiarism-investigation-and-penalties
Please also consult the information contained in the Subject Guide. All quotes and sources of information
(including web pages, if you use them) must be properly cited. Copying from someone else’s work without
acknowledgment is plagiarism, including failing to acknowledge the replication of exact wording (which should
also be indicated by the use of quotation marks) and/or failing to acknowledge the source of key ideas. Identified
cases of plagiarism will be subject to grade penalties and/or disciplinary action in accordance with Faculty policy.
IMPORTANT NOTE: We are aware that essays corresponding to Momo to Pomo topics are available online. Any
essay containing text copied from an online essay will be considered cheating. Appropriate disciplinary action will
be applied.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING
ABPL 30050 / ARCH20003 MODERN ARCHITECTURE: MOMO TO POMO
4
Essay Assessment rubric
Points/100 Criteria H1 (80-100) H2A (75-79) H2B (70-74) H3 (65-69) P (50-64) N (0-49)
30/100 Extent to which the
essay demonstrates
a thoughtful
consideration of the
topic including
effective
argumentation within
specified word
count.
All parts of question addressed,
demonstrating a critical approach to
subject.
The essay offers a sophisticated
structural control in presenting and
developing a strong argument and in
reaching conclusions.
Word count within advised
parameters.
All parts of question addressed
demonstrating an analytical
approach to subject.
The essay offers good
structural control in presenting
and developing a consistent
argument and in reaching
conclusions.
Word count within advised
parameters.
All parts of question addressed
demonstrating a good
understanding of the subject.
The essay offers good
structural control in presenting
and developing a consistent
argument with a summative
conclusion that reflect the
discussion/evidence presented.
Word count within advised
parameters.
Most parts of question
addressed demonstrating a
sound understanding of the
subject.
The essay offers sound
structural control in presenting
and developing a identifiable
argument with a summative
conclusion.
Word count within advised
parameters.
The broad topic of the question
addressed demonstrating a
general understanding of the
subject.
The essay is generally
organised with an introduction,
discussion and summative
conclusion. The discussion is
descriptive with limited
argumentation.
Word count may exceed or be
below advised parameters.
The essay demonstrates a
limited understanding of the
subject.
The essay lacks structural
control and development of an
argument. It does not address
the essay question, is
disorganised, and/or
incomplete.
Word count is significantly
below advised parameters.
30/100 Extent to which the
essay employs
primary evidence
such as buildings,
images and/or texts
to support
discussion and
argumentation
Thorough and systematic use of
primary evidence/example(s) and
integration of visual/textual analysis to
support argumentation.
Systematic use of primary
evidence/example(s) and some
integration of visual/textual
analysis to support
argumentation.
Some use of primary
evidence/example(s) and
integration of visual/textual
analysis to support
argumentation.
May contain some flaws in
integration of argument and
visual analysis.
Sporadic use of primary
evidence/example(s) and
integration of visual/textual
analysis to support
argumentation.
Example(s) could be more
closely considered to better
support argumentation.
Occasional use of primary
evidence/example(s) and
integration of visual/textual
analysis to support discussion.
Reference to examples is
cursory and/or does not
substantiate
argument/discussion.
Limited or no use of primary
evidence/example(s) and/or
visual/textual analysis to
support discussion.
30/100 Extent to which the
essay demonstrates
thorough research,
critical evaluation of
research materials
and documentation
of research sources
The essay draws upon a thorough
selection of specialist scholarly
sources including journal articles and
theoretical texts, demonstrating
extensive investigative research. Both
primary and secondary sources are
used. Critical evaluation of sources
demonstrates confidence in
interpreting and applying historical
and theoretical discourse.
All sources accurately documented in
footnote and the bibliography. Correct
citation format used without error.
The essay draws upon a variety
of specialist scholarly sources
including journal articles,
showing sustained investigative
research. Both primary and
secondary sources are used.
Critical evaluation of sources
demonstrates confidence in
applying historical and
theoretical discourse.
All sources accurately
documented in footnotes and
the bibliography. Correct
citation format used with only
minor formatting errors.
The essay draws upon a variety
of scholarly sources including
journal articles, showing
general research capabilities.
A sustained evaluation of
sources demonstrates the
ability to make links across
established historical views.
Sources might be cited or
quoted but little evidence of use
and critical application.
All sources accurately
documented in footnotes and
the bibliography. Correct
citation format used only minor
errors.
The essay draws upon the
required number of scholarly
sources including journal
articles, showing fair research
capabilities. A sporadic
evaluation of sources
demonstrates attempts to
incorporate established
historical views.
All sources documented in
footnotes and the bibliography,
although the citation form
includes errors.
The essay draws upon the
minimum number of readily
available scholarly and/or
general sources. Limited
evaluation and use of sources.
Most sources documented in
footnotes and the bibliography.
Citation form includes errors.
The essay draws upon less
than the minimum required
number of readily available
scholarly and/or general
sources.
Sources are absent and/or
improperly documented in
footnotes and the bibliography.
Incorrect citation format used.
N.B. A near or complete
absence of footnotes will be
assessed for potential
plagiarism in accordance
with faculty policy.
10/100 Clarity of
expression, spelling
and grammar,
formatting, and
visual presentation
of the essay
Fluent, confident writing style. All
grammar & spelling accurate
A clear and graphically-rich
presentation supports the written
arguments of the essay.
Chicago 16A/17A formatting is used
correctly.
Largely fluent writing style;
grammar & spelling largely
accurate.
A clear and judicious selection
of images supports the written
arguments of the essay.
Chicago 16A/17A formatting is
used correctly.
Some grammar & spelling
errors
Legible formatting and well-
placed images contribute to an
effective, easy-to-read,
illustrated essay.
Chicago 16A/17A formatting is
used correctly.
Some grammar & spelling
errors
The essay is presented with in
readable format incorporating a
general selection of relevant
images.
Chicago 16A/17A formatting is
largely correct.
Frequent grammar & spelling
errors
The essay shows basic skill in
formatting incorporating some
general images.
Very poor grammar & spelling
The formatting of the essay
lacks visual coherence and few,
if any images have been
provided to support the
discussion.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING
ABPL 30050 / ARCH20003 MODERN ARCHITECTURE: MOMO TO POMO
5
ESSAY TOPICS
Choose one of the following topics:
1. Both the emigré architects Rudolph Schindler and Richard Neutra were inspired by the work of Frank
Lloyd Wright and worked with Wright after their respective moves to the United States of America.
Compare and contrast the modern architecture being designed by Schindler and Neutra, with that of
Wright. What similarities or differences are evident in their respective approaches? [essay heading
for sign-up/sign-up/submission: 1. EMIGRES]
2. Compare and contrast the urban approaches of Team X and Archigram in 1950s and 1960s by examining two
projects associated with each group. What kind of future was each group envisioning? Consider both their
written and designed work in your discussion. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 2. TEAM X AND
ARCHIGRAM]
3. Consider ways in which the “formal strategies” (Mark Wigley, 1988) and radical ambitions of the Russian
Constructivists were continued in the Deconstructivist work of Rem Koolhaas and Zaha Hadid. [essay
heading for sign-up/submission: 3. DECONSTRUCTIVIST]
4. Account for the way in which new technology stimulated expressionist architecture on the one hand and
rationalist architecture on the other, in the early twentieth century. [essay heading for sign-up/submission:
4. NEW TECHNOLOGY]
5. What were the differences of approach and style between the Viennese architects Josef Hoffmann and Adolf
Loos? Explain with reference to writings and built works. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 5.
VIENNESE]
6. Why did theoretical projects form an important part in development of Russian avant-garde architecture
between 1917-1931? Cite specific architects, examples and their impact. [essay heading for sign-
up/submission: 6. RUSSIAN]
7. Modern architecture of Scandinavia is often characterised as having a particularly human quality. Discuss
this idea in relation to formal, spatial and material attributes seen in the work of three architects practising
in the 1950s and 1960s. (Finnish architects may be considered as Scandinavian for the purposes of this essay)
[essay heading for sign-up/submission: 7. SCANDINAVIAN]
8. “One should not be surprised to find, in fact one would expect to find an archaic quality in architecture
today. This is because real architecture is just beginning to come to grips with a whole new order of artistic
expression, growing in turn from the new set of tasks which society has set for the architect.” Louis Kahn
1955. Discuss with reference to three buildings designed by Kahn and, where appropriate, works by other
architects. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 8. KAHN]
9. Philip Johnson once said, ‘You cannot not know history’. Examining three buildings designed by Johnson,
consider how his work is influenced by his understanding of architectural history, both before and after the
advent of postmodernism. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 9. JOHNSON]
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING
ABPL 30050 / ARCH20003 MODERN ARCHITECTURE: MOMO TO POMO
6
10. How do the principles of modern architecture and urbanism formulated by Team 10 differ from those
developed by CIAM? How were these differences manifested in design work of European members of Team
10? [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 10. TEAM X AND CIAM]
11. English high-tech architects such as Norman Foster developed their principles at the same time as post-
modernism became the dominant architectural manner. What common ground do the movements share
and what are the key differences? Discuss with specific examples. [essay heading for sign-up/submission:
11. HIGH TECH]
12. Charlotte Perriand, Lilly Reich, Eileen Gray, Lina Bo Bardi and Marion Mahony were women designers and
architects who were at the forefront of the modern movement, yet are now less known than their male
counterparts. Examine the work of one female designer and/or architect of the first half of the twentieth
century. Consider the role of collaboration in their work and reasons why their contribution to European
modernism has been given comparatively little attention. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 12.
WOMEN DESIGNERS]
13. Why has there be a recent renewal of interest in the work of Edwin Lutyens? [essay heading for sign-
up/submission: 13. LUTYENS]
14. Is there consensus on what is meant by Postmodernism in architecture? Examine the writings of Charles
Jencks, Heinrich Klotz and William Curtis in your answer. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 14.
POSTMODERNISM]
15. Compare and contrast the work of two of the architects included in the Deconstructivist Architecture
exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1988. What made their work
‘deconstructivist’? How has the work of the architects you have chosen developed in subsequent
years? [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 15. DECONSTRUCTIVIST MOMA]
16. Discuss the development of Dutch architecture between the First and Second World Wars,
indicating the variety of architecture created in relation to the theoretical and political orientation
of the architects. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 16. DUTCH]
17. The architecture of the New York Five drew on aspects of Le Corbusier’s work. By examining the
work of one member of the Five, explore this connection in detail. How has this architect’s
approach to architectural design developed subsequently? [essay heading for sign-up/submission:
17. NEW YORK 5]
18. The manifesto has played an important part in the development of modern architecture in Europe.
Compare and contrast the written and designed products of the Italian Futurists with that of the
Dutch de Stijl movement. How did the use of the written word help shape their respective
architectural visions? [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 18. MANIFESTO]
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING AND PLANNING
ABPL 30050 / ARCH20003 MODERN ARCHITECTURE: MOMO TO POMO
7
19. The 1927 Deutsche Werkbund exhibition that incorporated the Weissenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart
demonstrated a new architecture to the world and gave impetus to modernist housing programs in
Germany and elsewhere. Compare and contrast principles and examples of modernist housing in the
work of two architects who participated in the exhibition. Does their post-1927 work represent a
realisation of the ideas about modern design and housing expressed in the exhibition? Include in your
response a consideration as to whether this represented a departure from their earlier work. [essay
heading for sign-up/submission: 19. DEUTSCHE WERKBUND]
20. Analyse ways in which the work of Marion Mahony Griffin and Walter Burley Griffin was influenced by
Frank Lloyd Wright. Refer to at least one Australian project (excluding Newman College) in your
discussion. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 20. GRIFFIN]
21. Compare and contrast the key attributes of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie houses and his Usonian houses.
Consider their urban/suburban contexts, including how the Usonian house designs relate to Wright’s
Broadacre City’s social and architectural attributes. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 21. FLW
PRAIRIE AND USONIAN]
22. Compare the principles of the Deutsche Werkbund with those of the Bauhaus. Include examples of designed
products and buildings in your argument. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 22 DEUTSCHE
WERKBUND AND BAUHAUS]
23. In 1923, Walter Gropius wrote, “The Bauhaus believes the machine to be our modern medium of design
and seeks to come to terms with it.” How is this ideal expressed in the work of the Bauhaus between 1923
and 1933? In your response, explain how and why this differs from the school’s approach/direction as well
as its products and architecture prior to this. [essay heading for sign-up/submission: 23. BAUHAUS]
24. Discuss the influence of the work of le Corbusier on two Japanese architects. In your response consider ways
in which these Japanese architects developed work that differed from that of le Corbusier. [essay heading
for sign-up/submission: 24. JAPANESE]